In today’s housing market, buying a home is harder than ever.
With high interest rates, rising property prices, and stagnant wages, many young adults are turning to their families for help, especially when it comes to the down payment. Parents often want to support their children’s dreams of homeownership, but they also want to ensure that their financial contribution is protected, particularly if the child is purchasing a home with a partner.
For many people, this begs the question: “If I give my child money for a down payment, how can they protect that investment in case of a separation or divorce?”
This blog outlines legal considerations and practical steps families can take to safeguard the funds the provide to their child for a down payment.
Why This Matters
When a parent provides money to help their child buy a home, that money can become entangled in the couple’s shared assets. If the relationship ends, the provided funds may be subject to division – especially if the home is jointly owned or if there’s no documentation outlining the parent’s intent.
Without proper planning, a generous gesture can lead to unintended consequences.
Real Estate Considerations: Structuring the Purchase Wisely
- Ownership on title
When both partners are registered on title, they each hold a legal ownership interest in the property. When only the child is on title, this can limit the partner’s claim, but it does not guarantee protection. Courts may still recognize a beneficial interest for the partner if they contributed to the purchase or upkeep, or if the couple’s financial arrangements suggest a shared intention. The key factor is evidence of intention and contribution, not just whose name appears on title. - Tenancy structure
The form of co-ownership affects how the property is treated for estate and ownership purposes. Joint tenancy creates equal, undivided ownership with a right of survivorship. Tenants in common allows owners to hold defined shares, which can reflect a parent’s contribution more precisely and ensures that each share passes through the owner’s estate rather than automatically to the other owner - Cohabitation agreements or marriage contracts.
These legal documents can outline what happens to the property (and the parent’s funds) if the relationship ends. They’re especially important if the couple is unmarried or if one partner is contributing significantly more.
Estates Considerations: Protecting Family Wealth
- Document the gift clearly.
A written letter should specify who the funds are for, their purpose, and whether repayment is expected. This can help clarify intentions if disputes arise later. - Consider using a trust.
In some cases, placing the funds in a trust for the child’s benefit can protect the money from being considered a joint asset. Trusts can also align with broader estate planning goals. - Think long-term.
How does providing these funds affect your estate plan? Will it be considered an advance on inheritance? Should it be equalized among siblings? These are important questions to address with your estate lawyer. - Family law implications.
In Ontario, gifts from third parties (like parents) may be excluded from equalization during separation. but only if they’re properly documented and not co-mingled with joint assets or the matrimonial home.
Practical Tips for Families
- Talk openly. Have a conversation with your child (and their partner, if appropriate) about expectations and protections.
- Get legal advice. Before transferring any funds, speak with a lawyer from our Estates or Real Estate teams.
- Keep records. Maintain documentation of the loan, including its purpose and any agreements made.
- Plan ahead. Consider how this loan fits into your broader financial and estate planning.
Helping your child buy a home is a generous and often necessary act in today’s economy. But it’s also a financial decision that deserves careful planning. With the right legal advice and documentation, you can protect your investment and your child’s future from the uncertainties of life and love.
If you’re considering providing money to your child for a down payment, or if you’ve already done so and want to ensure it’s protected, our Estates and Real Estate teams are here to help. Reach out to us for personalized guidance tailored to your family’s needs.
